name “Apostolic” here and there established and in use in the West as a designation of the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed;1 nor is this only among Greeks who had become latinised. The three chief churches of the West possess the Symbolum Apostolicum in a form which agrees in all essential points (“Textus Receptus”). We shall therefore have to begin by treating of the origin of the creed in this form. THE “Textus Receptus” can, with a satisfactory degree of certainty, be traced back, except in